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The Muslim Brotherhood in the Middle East has always attracted
widely divergent attention. Scholars have regarded it both as the
source of terrorism, and, more recently as the potential harbinger
of democratization. The Muslim Brotherhood in Europe has attracted
far less attention. But heavily influenced by its ambiguous
reputation in the Middle East it has led to widespread speculation
about its character. Its critics regard the European organizations
as part of a suspicious, secretive, centrally led world-wide
organization that enhances the alienation of Muslims in Europe. Its
sympathizers, on the other hand, regard the Brotherhood as a
moderate movement that has been Europeanized and promotes
integration. This volume brings together experts on the European
Muslim Brotherhood who address some of the main issues on which the
debate has concentrated. After an introduction dealing with the
European debate in the press, the first section shows that
Brotherhood consists primarily of a network of informal ties, which
have developed a host of localized practices and contradictory
trends. The second part deals with the Brotherhood organizations in
different European countries and traces their highly specific
trajectories and relations with the local non-Muslim press and
authorities. The third section concentrates on the ideological
developments of the movement in the Middle East and Europe.
On the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Netherlands
Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael' The Netherlands
Institute of International Affairs 'Clingendael' celebrates its
25th anniversary in 2008. This is not only a reason to look in
retrospect, but also to look into the future. In this book,
research fellows from the Institute shed some light on the near
future regarding their research topics. Various themes in the field
of Diplomacy, European integration, Security, and Energy are dealt
with. In the tradition of the Clingendael Institute, being a
policy-relevant think-tank, the different contributions to this
book are not hypothetical foresights written from an ivory tower,
but thought-provoking, policy-oriented chapters that will be
relevant to anyone interested in international relations. Prof. Dr
Jaap de Zwaan is Director of the Clingendael Institute, Dr Edwin
Bakker is Head of the Clingendael Security and Conflict Programme,
Sico van der Meer MA is a Research Fellow in the Clingendael
Security and Conflict Programme.
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